COURSE UNIT TITLE

: CHEMISTRY OF TEXTILES DYES AND THEORY OF COLORATION

Description of Individual Course Units

Course Unit Code Course Unit Title Type Of Course D U L ECTS
TKS 5033 CHEMISTRY OF TEXTILES DYES AND THEORY OF COLORATION ELECTIVE 3 0 0 7

Offered By

Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences

Level of Course Unit

Second Cycle Programmes (Master's Degree)

Course Coordinator

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR GÖKHAN ERKAN

Offered to

Textile Engineering
Textile Engineering
M.Sc. Textile Engineering

Course Objective

The history of dyeing is as old as weaving. Two red cotton purses, which are dated to 3000 BC, were found in the Moenjodaro area of the Indus valley during the archaeological excavations. They have been probably dyed with one of the madder species (Rubia sp.) is thought to be. Since the second half of the 19th century with the introduction of synthetic dyes synthesized; dyes were began to be produced on an industrial scale in different chemical structures, in a rich color palette, for various end-uses. The synthetic dyes have gained importance due to their repeatability and easy reachability. Today, the textile industry is one of the biggest dye consumers.

In this course, the properties and the chemical structure of the dyes used in the textile industry, obtaining the dye from the basic compounds, the dyes began to gain importance in textiles in recent years, the basic concepts related to coloring, affinity, aggregation, sorption, diffusion and dyeing rate will be examined. Assignments will also be given in the course.

Learning Outcomes of the Course Unit

1   To define the color and the light concept
2   To have knowledge about structural requirements necessary to be colored a compound, auxochrome and chromophore groups.
3   To make the classification of textile dyes and to determine differences.
4   To understand the basic concepts related to coloration.
5   To have knowledge about the interactions between the dye-fiber.
6   Identifying of dyeing steps (adsorption, diffusion and fixing) and interpret them according to fiber type.
7   To determine the dyeing rate.

Mode of Delivery

Face -to- Face

Prerequisites and Co-requisites

None

Recomended Optional Programme Components

None

Course Contents

Week Subject Description
1 1.1. Color and Light 1.2. Basic concepts of color mixtures. 1.3. Laws of Absorption (Lambert-Bougier, Beer, Lambert-Bougier-Berr) 1.4. Introduction to Color theories; Witt's theory , Quinonoid theory etc.
2 2.1.Color theories (Con.) 2.2.Structural requirements for a compound to be colored. 2.3.Chromophore and auxochrome groups 2.4.Classification of textile dyes -according to solubility -according to dyeing peculiarities -according to chemical structures
3 3.1. Physical chemistry definitions necessary for coloring theory 3.2. 1st and 2nd law of thermodynamics 3.3. Adsorption isotherms
4 4.1. Types of bonds between dye and fiber -Covalent bond -Ionic bond -Hydrogen bond -Salt bridge -van der Waals force -Hydrophobic interactions 4.2. The effect of fiber structure on dye uptake -The chemical structures of fibers -The fine structure of fibers -The electrical properties of fibers
5 5. Thermodynamics of dye sorption -Affinity -Substantivity -Aggregation -Isotherms -Donnan membrane equilibrium -Electrical Layers
6 6. Diffusion and Dyeing Rate -Fick's Law -Boundary layers during diffusion -The activation energy of diffusion -Diffusion that occurs between different types of dyes and fibers
7 Midterm Exam
8 8.1.Azo dyes 8.2.Obtaining of azo dyes -Coupling of azo -Addition of nitro compounds to amines -Reduction of the nitro compounds -Reduction of the amine compounds
9 9.1. Monoazo Dyes 9.2. Disazo Dyes 9.3. Trisazo Dyes 9.4. Tetrakis Azo Dyes 9.5. Azo Dyes According to applications in textile industry -Acid dyes -Chrome dyes -Metal complex dyes -Direct dyes -Reactive dyes
10 10.1. Azo Dyes According to applications in textile industry -Basic dyes -Dispersion dyes -Pigment dyes 10.2. Nitro and Nitroso Dyes
11 11.1. Annulene Dyes - Phthalocyanine dyes 11.2. Indigo Dyes
12 12.1. Anthraquinone Dyes -Vat dyes -Reactive dyes -Dispersion dyes -Acid dyes 12.2. Sulfur Dyes
13 13.1. Photochromic Dyes 13.2. Fluorescence Dyes - Definition of fluorescence - Fluorescence dyestuffs in textile industry 13.3. The dyestuffs obtained from natural sources -Anthraquinone derivatives (alizarin, purpurin etc.) -Indigotin derivatives -Indirubin derivatives -Flavonoids
14 Presentations

Recomended or Required Reading

Main Textbooks:

-Başer, I., Inanıcı, Y., Boyarmadde Kimyası, Marmara Ü. Yayın No:482, Istanbul, 1990.

-Bird, C. L., Boston, W. S., The Theory of Coloration of Textiles, Society of Dyers and Colourists, 1975.

-Karadağ R., Doğal Boyamacılık, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Ankara, 2007.

References:

-Fierz-David, H. E., Blangey L., Fundamental Processes of Dye Chemistry, Interscience Publishers Inc., New York, 1949.

-Hunger, K., Industrial Dyes: Chemistry, Properties, Applications; WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2003.

-Clark, M., Handbook of Textile and Industrial Dyeing Volume 1: Principles, Processes and Types of Dyes, Woodhead Publishing, Philadelphia, 2011.

-Kim, S.-H., Functional Dyes, Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, 2006.

-Bechtold, T., Mussak, R., Handbook of Natural Colorants, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, West Sussex, 2009.

Planned Learning Activities and Teaching Methods

Presentations and assignments

Assessment Methods

SORTING NUMBER SHORT CODE LONG CODE FORMULA
1 MTE MIDTERM EXAM
2 FIN FINAL EXAM
3 FCG FINAL COURSE GRADE MTE * 0.50 + FIN * 0.50
4 RST RESIT
5 FCGR FINAL COURSE GRADE MTE * 0.50 + RST * 0.50


*** Resit Exam is Not Administered in Institutions Where Resit is not Applicable.

Further Notes About Assessment Methods

None

Assessment Criteria

Assigment 25%, Midterm 25%, Final 50%

Language of Instruction

Turkish

Course Policies and Rules

Attendance requirement should be sought.

Contact Details for the Lecturer(s)

Assist. Prof. Dr. Gökhan ERKAN
Dokuz Eylül University, Textile Engineering Dept.
Tınaztepe campus Buca Izmir Turkey

Office Hours

To be announced.

Work Placement(s)

None

Workload Calculation

Activities Number Time (hours) Total Work Load (hours)
Lectures 12 3 36
Preparation for midterm exam 1 12 12
Preparation for final exam 1 12 12
Preparing assignments 1 15 15
Preparations before/after weekly lectures 14 5 70
Preparing presentations 1 15 15
Final 1 1,5 2
Midterm 1 1,5 2
TOTAL WORKLOAD (hours) 164

Contribution of Learning Outcomes to Programme Outcomes

PO/LOPO.1PO.2PO.3PO.4PO.5PO.6PO.7PO.8PO.9PO.10
LO.13544433353
LO.23544554444
LO.33544444444
LO.43555534544
LO.53545455544
LO.63555555545
LO.73555555545